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Antioxidants - Which antioxidants? And When?

One of the many advances of medical and nutritional science over the past 40 years has been the recognition of the role of 'free radicals' in health and disease.

Excessive free radical production is now implicated in the chronic breakdown of functionality of the following physiological  systems of the body:

• Cardiovascular system

• Immune system

• Digestive system

• Liver detoxification system

• Neural system

In many cases, research has shown that supplementation of antioxidants prevents this breakdown from occurring and the indications are that the greatest benefits come from the provision of a wide range of both endogenous and plant antioxidants.**  It is also now recognized that our intake of fruit and vegetables, which are the richest dietary sources of antioxidants, is generally below optimum levels.

The Pharmax Four Pillars antioxidant products provides physiologically relevant concentrations of 21 different antioxidants (including Vitamin C and E) providing a comprehensive spectrum of these supplements.

**Endogenous Antioxidants -    Vitamin Antioxidant  -     Phytoantioxidants

When at the appropriate concentration, the endogenous antioxidants in the body are fully capable of neutralizing the majority of any excessive free radical production.  The endoenous antioxidants are normally present in all of the cells of the body and are elegantly interactive with numerous synergistic effects, producing an overall profound protective effect.   The endogenous antioxidant system is made up of antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes. The most important members of antioxidant molecules are: Glutathione, Alpha Lipoic Acid ALA, CoQ10 and the antioxidant enzymes are: super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase.

Of equal importance, are two dietary-derived vitamin antioxidants that also operate in virtually all cells - but cannot be synthesized by humans are:  Ascorbic acid and Vitamin E.  In addition, the minerals zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium are critical co-factors in the biosynthesis of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, making these minerals essential components of any program to improve endogenous antioxidant status.

Phytoantioxidants: In conjunction with the above, the use of plant antioxidants provides a further dimension in controlling excessive free radical activity.  Plant derived antioxidants range from the carotenoids to the anthocyanadins and flavones.  The phytoantioxidants tend to differ from endogenous antioxidants by being active in certain tissue or cell types, e.g. lutein in retinal tissue.  Also, their action is predmoninantly one of direct free radical quenching.

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